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| --- | ||
| layout: news_post | ||
| title: "Ruby 3.4.0 Released" | ||
| author: "naruse" | ||
| translator: | ||
| date: 2024-12-25 00:00:00 +0000 | ||
| lang: en | ||
| --- | ||
|
|
||
| {% assign release = site.data.releases | where: "version", "3.4.0" | first %} | ||
| We are pleased to announce the release of Ruby {{ release.version }}. Ruby 3.4 adds `it` block parameter reference, | ||
| change Prism as default parser, adds Happy Eyeballs Version 2 support to socket library, improves YJIT, | ||
| adds Modular GC, and so on. | ||
|
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| ## `it` is introduced | ||
|
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| `it` is added to reference a block parameter with no variable name. [[Feature #18980]] | ||
|
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| ```ruby | ||
| ary = ["foo", "bar", "baz"] | ||
|
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| p ary.map { it.upcase } #=> ["FOO", "BAR", "BAZ"] | ||
| ``` | ||
|
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| `it` very much behaves the same as `_1`. When the intention is to only use `_1` in a block, the potential for other numbered parameters such as `_2` to also appear imposes an extra cognitive load onto readers. So `it` was introduced as a handy alias. Use `it` in simple cases where `it` speaks for itself, such as in one-line blocks. | ||
|
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| ## Prism is now the default parser | ||
|
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| Switch the default parser from parse.y to Prism. [[Feature #20564]] | ||
|
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| This is an internal improvement and there should be little change visible to the user. If you notice any compatibility issues, please report them to us. | ||
|
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| To use the conventional parser, use the command-line argument `--parser=parse.y`. | ||
|
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| ## The socket library now features Happy Eyeballs Version 2 (RFC 8305) | ||
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| The socket library now features [Happy Eyeballs Version 2 (RFC 8305)](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8305), the latest standardized version of a widely adopted approach for better connectivity in many programming languages, in `TCPSocket.new` (`TCPSocket.open`) and `Socket.tcp`. | ||
| This improvement enables Ruby to provide efficient and reliable network connections, adapted to modern internet environments. | ||
|
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| Until Ruby 3.3, these methods performed name resolution and connection attempts serially. With this algorithm, they now operate as follows: | ||
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| 1. Performs IPv6 and IPv4 name resolution concurrently | ||
| 2. Attempt connections to the resolved IP addresses, prioritizing IPv6, with parallel attempts staggered at 250ms intervals | ||
| 3. Return the first successful connection while canceling any others | ||
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| This ensures minimized connection delays, even if a specific protocol or IP address is delayed or unavailable. | ||
| This feature is enabled by default, so additional configuration is not required to use it. To disable it globally, set the environment variable `RUBY_TCP_NO_FAST_FALLBACK=1` or call `Socket.tcp_fast_fallback=false`. Or to disable it on a per-method basis, use the keyword argument `fast_fallback: false`. | ||
|
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| ## YJIT | ||
|
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| ### TL;DR | ||
|
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| * Better performance across most benchmarks on both x86-64 and arm64 platforms. | ||
| * Reduced memory usage through compressed metadata and a unified memory limit. | ||
| * Various bug fixes: YJIT is now more robust and thoroughly tested. | ||
|
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| ### New features | ||
|
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| * Command-line options | ||
| * `--yjit-mem-size` introduces a unified memory limit (default 128MiB) to track total YJIT memory usage, | ||
| providing a more intuitive alternative to the old `--yjit-exec-mem-size` option. | ||
| * `--yjit-log` enables a compilation log to track what gets compiled. | ||
| * Ruby API | ||
| * `RubyVM::YJIT.log` provides access to the tail of the compilation log at run-time. | ||
| * YJIT stats | ||
| * `RubyVM::YJIT.runtime_stats` now always provides additional statistics on | ||
| invalidation, inlining, and metadata encoding. | ||
|
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| ### New optimizations | ||
|
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| * Compressed context reduces memory needed to store YJIT metadata | ||
| * Allocate registers for local variables and Ruby method arguments | ||
| * When YJIT is enabled, use more Core primitives written in Ruby: | ||
| * `Array#each`, `Array#select`, `Array#map` rewritten in Ruby for better performance [[Feature #20182]]. | ||
| * Ability to inline small/trivial methods such as: | ||
| * Empty methods | ||
| * Methods returning a constant | ||
| * Methods returning `self` | ||
| * Methods directly returning an argument | ||
| * Specialized codegen for many more runtime methods | ||
| * Optimize `String#getbyte`, `String#setbyte` and other string methods | ||
| * Optimize bitwise operations to speed up low-level bit/byte manipulation | ||
| * Support shareable constants in multi-ractor mode | ||
| * Various other incremental optimizations | ||
|
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| ## Modular GC | ||
|
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| * Alternative garbage collector (GC) implementations can be loaded dynamically | ||
| through the modular garbage collector feature. To enable this feature, | ||
| configure Ruby with `--with-modular-gc` at build time. GC libraries can be | ||
| loaded at runtime using the environment variable `RUBY_GC_LIBRARY`. | ||
| [[Feature #20351]] | ||
|
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| * Ruby's built-in garbage collector has been split into a separate file at | ||
| `gc/default/default.c` and interacts with Ruby using an API defined in | ||
| `gc/gc_impl.h`. The built-in garbage collector can now also be built as a | ||
| library using `make modular-gc MODULAR_GC=default` and enabled using the | ||
| environment variable `RUBY_GC_LIBRARY=default`. [[Feature #20470]] | ||
|
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| * An experimental GC library is provided based on [MMTk](https://www.mmtk.io/). | ||
| This GC library can be built using `make modular-gc MODULAR_GC=mmtk` and | ||
| enabled using the environment variable `RUBY_GC_LIBRARY=mmtk`. This requires | ||
| the Rust toolchain on the build machine. [[Feature #20860]] | ||
|
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| ## Language changes | ||
|
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| * String literals in files without a `frozen_string_literal` comment now emit a deprecation warning | ||
| when they are mutated. | ||
| These warnings can be enabled with `-W:deprecated` or by setting `Warning[:deprecated] = true`. | ||
| To disable this change, you can run Ruby with the `--disable-frozen-string-literal` | ||
| command line argument. [[Feature #20205]] | ||
|
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| * Keyword splatting `nil` when calling methods is now supported. | ||
| `**nil` is treated similarly to `**{}`, passing no keywords, | ||
| and not calling any conversion methods. [[Bug #20064]] | ||
|
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| * Block passing is no longer allowed in index. [[Bug #19918]] | ||
|
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| * Keyword arguments are no longer allowed in index. [[Bug #20218]] | ||
|
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| * The toplevel name `::Ruby` is reserved now, and the definition will be warned when `Warning[:deprecated]`. [[Feature #20884]] | ||
|
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| ## Core classes updates | ||
|
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| Note: We're only listing notable updates of Core class. | ||
|
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| * Exception | ||
|
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| * `Exception#set_backtrace` now accepts an array of `Thread::Backtrace::Location`. | ||
| `Kernel#raise`, `Thread#raise` and `Fiber#raise` also accept this new format. [[Feature #13557]] | ||
|
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| * GC | ||
|
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| * `GC.config` added to allow setting configuration variables on the Garbage | ||
| Collector. [[Feature #20443]] | ||
|
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| * GC configuration parameter `rgengc_allow_full_mark` introduced. When `false` | ||
| GC will only mark young objects. Default is `true`. [[Feature #20443]] | ||
|
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| * Ractor | ||
|
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| * `require` in Ractor is allowed. The requiring process will be run on | ||
| the main Ractor. | ||
| `Ractor._require(feature)` is added to run requiring process on the | ||
| main Ractor. | ||
| [[Feature #20627]] | ||
|
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| * `Ractor.main?` is added. [[Feature #20627]] | ||
|
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| * `Ractor.[]` and `Ractor.[]=` are added to access the ractor local storage | ||
| of the current Ractor. [[Feature #20715]] | ||
|
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| * `Ractor.store_if_absent(key){ init }` is added to initialize ractor local | ||
| variables in thread-safty. [[Feature #20875]] | ||
|
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| * Range | ||
|
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| * `Range#size` now raises `TypeError` if the range is not iterable. [[Misc #18984]] | ||
|
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|
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| ## Standard Library updates | ||
|
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| Note: We're only listing notable updates of Standard librarires. | ||
|
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| * RubyGems | ||
| * Add `--attestation` option to gem push. It enabled to store signature to [sigstore.dev] | ||
|
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| * Bundler | ||
| * Add a `lockfile_checksums` configuration to include checksums in fresh lockfiles | ||
| * Add bundle lock `--add-checksums` to add checksums to an existing lockfile | ||
|
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| * JSON | ||
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| * Performance improvements of `JSON.parse` about 1.5 times faster than json-2.7.x. | ||
|
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| * Tempfile | ||
|
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| * The keyword argument `anonymous: true` is implemented for Tempfile.create. | ||
| `Tempfile.create(anonymous: true)` removes the created temporary file immediately. | ||
| So applications don't need to remove the file. | ||
| [[Feature #20497]] | ||
|
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| * win32/sspi.rb | ||
|
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| * This library is now extracted from the Ruby repository to [ruby/net-http-sspi]. | ||
| [[Feature #20775]] | ||
|
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| ## Compatibility issues | ||
|
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| Note: Excluding feature bug fixes. | ||
|
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| * Error messages and backtrace displays have been changed. | ||
| * Use a single quote instead of a backtick as a opening quote. [[Feature #16495]] | ||
| * Display a class name before a method name (only when the class has a permanent name). [[Feature #19117]] | ||
| * `Kernel#caller`, `Thread::Backtrace::Location`'s methods, etc. are also changed accordingly. | ||
|
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| ``` | ||
| Old: | ||
| test.rb:1:in `foo': undefined method `time' for an instance of Integer | ||
| from test.rb:2:in `<main>' | ||
| New: | ||
| test.rb:1:in 'Object#foo': undefined method 'time' for an instance of Integer | ||
| from test.rb:2:in '<main>' | ||
| ``` | ||
|
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| * Hash#inspect rendering have been changed. [[Bug #20433]] | ||
|
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| * Symbol keys are displayed using the modern symbol key syntax: `"{user: 1}"` | ||
| * Other keys now have spaces around `=>`: `'{"user" => 1}'`, while previously they didn't: `'{"user"=>1}'` | ||
|
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| * Kernel#Float() now accepts a decimal string with decimal part omitted. [[Feature #20705]] | ||
|
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| ```rb | ||
| Float("1.") #=> 1.0 (previously, an ArgumentError was raised) | ||
| Float("1.E-1") #=> 0.1 (previously, an ArgumentError was raised) | ||
| ``` | ||
|
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| * String#to_f now accepts a decimal string with decimal part omitted. Note that the result changes when an exponent is specified. [[Feature #20705]] | ||
|
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| ```rb | ||
| "1.".to_f #=> 1.0 | ||
| "1.E-1".to_f #=> 0.1 (previously, 1.0 was returned) | ||
| ``` | ||
|
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| * Refinement#refined_class has been removed. [[Feature #19714]] | ||
|
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| ## Standard library compatibility issues | ||
|
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| * DidYouMean | ||
|
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| * `DidYouMean::SPELL_CHECKERS[]=` and `DidYouMean::SPELL_CHECKERS.merge!` are removed. | ||
|
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| * Net::HTTP | ||
|
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| * Removed the following deprecated constants: | ||
| * `Net::HTTP::ProxyMod` | ||
| * `Net::NetPrivate::HTTPRequest` | ||
| * `Net::HTTPInformationCode` | ||
| * `Net::HTTPSuccessCode` | ||
| * `Net::HTTPRedirectionCode` | ||
| * `Net::HTTPRetriableCode` | ||
| * `Net::HTTPClientErrorCode` | ||
| * `Net::HTTPFatalErrorCode` | ||
| * `Net::HTTPServerErrorCode` | ||
| * `Net::HTTPResponseReceiver` | ||
| * `Net::HTTPResponceReceiver` | ||
|
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| These constants were deprecated from 2012. | ||
|
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| * Timeout | ||
|
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| * Reject negative values for Timeout.timeout. [[Bug #20795]] | ||
|
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| * URI | ||
|
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| * Switched default parser to RFC 3986 compliant from RFC 2396 compliant. | ||
| [[Bug #19266]] | ||
|
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| ## C API updates | ||
|
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| * `rb_newobj` and `rb_newobj_of` (and corresponding macros `RB_NEWOBJ`, `RB_NEWOBJ_OF`, `NEWOBJ`, `NEWOBJ_OF`) have been removed. [[Feature #20265]] | ||
| * Removed deprecated function `rb_gc_force_recycle`. [[Feature #18290]] | ||
|
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| ## Miscellaneous changes | ||
|
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| * Passing a block to a method which doesn't use the passed block will show | ||
| a warning on verbose mode (`-w`). | ||
| [[Feature #15554]] | ||
|
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| * Redefining some core methods that are specially optimized by the interpeter | ||
| and JIT like `String.freeze` or `Integer#+` now emits a performance class | ||
| warning (`-W:performance` or `Warning[:performance] = true`). | ||
| [[Feature #20429]] | ||
|
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||
| See [NEWS](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/blob/{{ release.tag }}/NEWS.md) | ||
| or [commit logs](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/compare/v3_3_0...{{ release.tag }}) | ||
| for more details. | ||
|
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||
| With those changes, [{{ release.stats.files_changed }} files changed, {{ release.stats.insertions }} insertions(+), {{ release.stats.deletions }} deletions(-)](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/compare/v3_3_0...{{ release.tag }}#file_bucket) | ||
| since Ruby 3.3.0! | ||
|
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| Merry Christmas, Happy Holidays, and enjoy programming with Ruby 3.4! | ||
|
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| ## Download | ||
|
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| * <{{ release.url.gz }}> | ||
|
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| SIZE: {{ release.size.gz }} | ||
| SHA1: {{ release.sha1.gz }} | ||
| SHA256: {{ release.sha256.gz }} | ||
| SHA512: {{ release.sha512.gz }} | ||
|
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| * <{{ release.url.xz }}> | ||
|
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| SIZE: {{ release.size.xz }} | ||
| SHA1: {{ release.sha1.xz }} | ||
| SHA256: {{ release.sha256.xz }} | ||
| SHA512: {{ release.sha512.xz }} | ||
|
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| * <{{ release.url.zip }}> | ||
|
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| SIZE: {{ release.size.zip }} | ||
| SHA1: {{ release.sha1.zip }} | ||
| SHA256: {{ release.sha256.zip }} | ||
| SHA512: {{ release.sha512.zip }} | ||
|
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| ## What is Ruby | ||
|
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| Ruby was first developed by Matz (Yukihiro Matsumoto) in 1993, | ||
| and is now developed as Open Source. It runs on multiple platforms | ||
| and is used all over the world especially for web development. | ||
|
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||
| [Feature #13557]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/13557 | ||
| [Feature #15554]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/15554 | ||
| [Feature #16495]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16495 | ||
| [Feature #18290]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18290 | ||
| [Feature #18980]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18980 | ||
| [Misc #18984]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18984 | ||
| [Feature #19117]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19117 | ||
| [Bug #19266]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19266 | ||
| [Feature #19714]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19714 | ||
| [Bug #19918]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19918 | ||
| [Bug #20064]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/20064 | ||
| [Feature #20182]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/20182 | ||
| [Feature #20205]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/20205 | ||
| [Bug #20218]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/20218 | ||
| [Feature #20265]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/20265 | ||
| [Feature #20351]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/20351 | ||
| [Feature #20429]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/20429 | ||
| [Feature #20443]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/20443 | ||
| [Feature #20470]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/20470 | ||
| [Feature #20497]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/20497 | ||
| [Feature #20564]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/20564 | ||
| [Bug #20620]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/20620 | ||
| [Feature #20627]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/20627 | ||
| [Feature #20705]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/20705 | ||
| [Feature #20715]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/20715 | ||
| [Feature #20775]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/20775 | ||
| [Bug #20795]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/20795 | ||
| [Feature #20860]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/20860 | ||
| [Feature #20875]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/20875 | ||
| [Feature #20884]: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/20884 | ||
| [sigstore.dev]: sigstore.dev | ||
| [ruby/net-http-sspi]: https://github.com/ruby/net-http-sspi |