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定语从句.md

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什么是定语从句？

只要听到 “ ... 的 + 名词 （短语） “，” ... 的 “ 就是修饰这个 名词（短语） 的定语成分。

定语的成分

  • 形容词

    The innocent nightingale died

    The nightingale brave and innocent died.

  • 名词

    The singing of the nightingale can make the rose bloom.

  • 介词短语

    The nightingle out of the window heard the sights of the young man.

  • 非谓语动词

    The singing nightingle died because of love.

  • 从句

  • 形容词性（物主）动词

定语的位置

  • 原则：前小后大

    • 当一个单词修饰名词时，通常放在名词前

    • 当多个单词修饰名词时，通常放在名词后

      This is a fiction about a nightangle and a rose.

      The youngster grasping romance left the party of the prince(princess).

    • 当过去分词修饰名词的时候，即使只有一个单词也通常放在名词后

      The rejected boy rejected looks pitiful.

    • 当形容词修饰不定代词时，即使只有一个单词也通常放在名词后

      I have something important to tell you.

      I have something to advise you.(形容词不定式)

定语从句的构成

  • n.（先行词：从句修饰该名词） + 引导词 + 句子（从句）

  • 引导词的分类

    • 定语从句的引导词按照先行词的种类可分为五类：
    1. 当先行词是人的时候：who、whom、whose
    2. 当先行词是物的时候：that、which、whose
    3. 当先行词是时间的时候：that、which、when
    4. 当先行词是地点的时候：that、which、where
    5. 当先行词是原因的时候：that、which、why

    • 谁决定引导词的用法：

      • 先行词
      • 引导词在从句中能够充当的成分

      I will never forget the day when I met you.

      I will never forget the day which/that we spent.

    • 定语从句的引导词按其词性可分为三类：

      1. 代词（在从句中一定是充当主语或宾语成分）：
        • “人”：who、whom
        • ”物“：that、which
      2. 副词（在从句中不充当任何成分）：where、when、why
      3. 形容词（在从句中修饰离它最近的那个名词）：whose

  • 例句：

    The rose that / which then exchanged with his life was discarded.

    Buildings whose roofs are round look beautiful.

    It has been validated by numerous facts that glories belong to those.

定语从句的特殊用法

  1. " that " 在引导定语从句时，如果在从句中充当的是宾语，“ that ”可以省略

    I enjoy the book that my mom bought for me.

    • 在分析长难句的时候，如果见到有两个名词或代词直接放在一起，中间没有被连词或标点符号隔开，通常都是省略了 “ that ” 的定语从句

  2. 区别限制性和非限制性定语从句

    • 在分析长难句的时候，非限制性定语从句就相当于插入语，可以完全不看

  3. 先行词和引导词之间存在介词时

    • "人" 只能用 whom 不用 who
    • "物" 只能用 which 不用 that

    He is the man whom/which we should learn from.

    He is the man from whom we should learn from.

    I will never forget the day when I met you.

    I will never forget the day on which I met you.

  4. 区别 “ the same ... as ” 和 “ the same ... that ” 引导的定语从句

    He is the same man as I love. “ as ” 翻译为 “ 像 ”

    He is the same man that I love. “ that ” 翻译为 “ 是 ”

  5. " as " 和 " which " 引导的非限制性定语从句

    • " which " 引导的非限制性定语从句可以修饰前面的整句，“as” 也可以但是“ which ”只能放在主句后面，而 “ as ” 则可以放在主句前也可以放在主句后。

    He enjoys talking with young ladies,which drives me mad.

    As drives me mad,He enjoys talking with young ladies.

  6. 定语从句中引导词 “ which ” 和 “ that ” 的区别（见书）

    • 用 which 的情况
    • 用 that 的情况

区分定语从句和同位语从句

I have a dream that sounds funny.

I have a dream that I will become a rich lady.

  • 相同点：都是 先行词 + 引导词 + 句子
  • 不同点：
    • 看从句本身的意思，定语从句是对前面名词的修饰，而同位语从句是对前面名词的解释
    • 看引导词 " that " 在从句总是否充当了成分，如果充当了成分就定语从句，否则为同位语从句
    • 定语从句的先行词可以是所有的名词，而同位语从句的先行词只能是抽象名词
    • 定语从句的引导词有八个，而同位语从句的引导词一般为 " that "